Sociological Cultural Studies

Sociological Cultural Studies

A comparative study of the value system of social generations born in the forties to the seventies

Document Type : .

Authors
Mahmood Rezaeeyan 1
Javad afshar kohan 2
1 PhD student of Sociology, Department of social welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of sociology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
10.30465/scs.2024.47906.2818
Abstract
Introduction
Each individual has his or her own stances that define his or her characteristics. This is also true for groups and societies. These dos and don'ts and requirements are usually interpreted as values. Each individual, group and society has values ​​that serve as a guide for their thoughts and actions. Investigating, studying and understanding values ​​and their elements is of great importance for sociologists, thinkers and policymakers, because it is a sign of social cohesion or differentiation and shows whether there is consensus and harmony of values ​​in society or is there change, difference and, above that, conflict of values ​​and norms? Some believe that Iranian society underwent a change in values ​​at two very important points after the revolution and after the war (Rafipour, 1997:56).
Materials & methods
"Each generation establishes its own boundaries based on the experiences that individuals shared, and a cluster is formed around these experiences" (Amiri Ashtiani, 2008:320). The word value is derived from the French word valoir, meaning price or amount. "Value can be understood as an explicit or implicit concept of something that a person or group regards as desirable and in terms of which he or she selects means and ends of action from among available alternatives" (Miller, 1988:36). "In the past few decades, economic, technological, and socio-political changes have transformed the cultures of advanced industrial societies in very important ways" (Inglehart, 1994:1). The approach and method used in this research is quantitative and its technique is "Survey". The characteristics of individuals are described based on characteristics such as gender, decade of birth, marital status, frequency and relative percentage of each of them, as well as the general status of each variable among the respondents, divided into four generations. Inferential statistics also include Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A questionnaire was used to measure variables and collect information, which is also a combination of a set of items in the form of a Likert Scale. The statistical population of the present study is all citizens born in the city of Hamadan from the forties to the seventies.
Discussion & Result
The prevailing situation in all four decades is the high average of traditional dimensions and survival of the value system and the relative lowness of secular-rational and self-actualization dimensions. The analysis of this is that, according to Inglehart's theory, the set of economic, political and social conditions in our society has been such that this value transition has not occurred. In our country, of which the statistical population of the study is also a part, in the past and still, none of the generations has gained such confidence to pass from the level of survival values ​​and reach the level of self-actualization values. There is no significant difference between the views and value systems of respondents from the aforementioned generations, and the above hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the value systems of different generations is not confirmed. In these successive transformations, none of the generations of these four decades have had the peace of mind, confidence, and comfort necessary to move from the level of survival to self-actualization, and it is natural that in such circumstances, such a transition has not materialized, because the anxiety resulting from these events has always imprisoned them and deprived them of the possibility of flourishing. Economic and social instabilities deprive humans of the opportunity to think beyond themselves, and these instabilities are the point of difference between the history of our individuals and society and that of developed societies, which is the secret of the lack of value differences between the generations of our society.
Conclusion
Contrary to the results of most previous studies, including Aramaki and Ghiyathvand (2004), Marzabadi (2008), Taliban and others (2009), and Yousefi (2013), the hypothesis of the difference in value systems of different generations was not confirmed and rejected. This result is not consistent with previous studies, and on the other hand, it is not consistent with the expected trend of societal developments - regarding the difference in the value systems of younger generations equipped with the products and products of the age of communications, information, and media, and older generations - who are less or completely deprived of these experiences. Because what is usually stated and said is that the new generation, with various tools, different choices, multiple identities, multiple resources, and interests, has assets and a value system that is very different from the generations before it. The country of Iran, and consequently its society and, consequently, its individuals, have long been at the crossroads of various unfortunate events, incidents, and happenings throughout its several thousand-year history. According to popular belief, it has rarely seen a happy day. Its ancient history is a testament to this, and its effects have affected the fate of all of them for generations.
Keywords
Value system
generation
generational value
traditional value
survival value
secular-rational value
self-actualization value
Subjects
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Sociological Cultural Studies
Volume 17, Issue 2 - Serial Number 60
Summer 2026
Spring 2026
Pages 71-102

  • Receive Date 06 January 2024
  • Revise Date 27 August 2024
  • Accept Date 28 August 2024
  • Publish Date 23 August 2026