One of the most important challenges of tradition and modernity has been the debate on “women’s identity.” The persistence of old gender stereotypes, despite the opening of objective opportunities for women in the modern era, is one of the questionable points. The present study selected the most prominent social novels of the first Pahlavi period and pursues its investigation around answering these questions: How is female identity represented in the dominant novels of that period and what is its aspect and Do the characteristics and representations presented in the selected novels present a “homogeneous” image of women or not? The research method is critical discourse analysis using the Fairclough model. The unit of analysis is “sentence” and the comparison and use of research history are the validation methods. The results show that the representation of women in the texts was directly linked to the ideology of the writers of this period and the ideology that dominated society. The texts show the presentation of a “counter-discourse” that is opposed to the dominant discourse. The depicted relationship of female identity is based more on the assumption of “contradictory” of the relationship between tradition and modernity than on seeing their relationship as “combined”