Sociological Cultural Studies

Sociological Cultural Studies

The social position of women in the analysis of the works of Zand-doḵt Š¨īrāzī; Towards an alternative position at the first Pahlavi era

Document Type : .

Author
somayeh sadat shafiei
Associate research professor of Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
10.30465/scs.2024.49189.2865
Abstract
Abstract
Zand-doḵt Š¨īrāzī (1909-1959); She was a journalist, civil activist and one of the educated women of her time who made valuable efforts to change the status of women. Introducing her thoughts and works is a way to gain knowledge about the dominant gender order and the social status of women and their demands in the light of the developments of the post-constitutional era and coinciding with the formation and consistency of the modern state in Iran. Also It can make us more familiar with their social position, problems and their aspirations. Using a qualitative method and document analysis technique, exploring her remaining works in the form of verse and prose is the subject of this research.
The findings can be designed around three main axes and related subcategories. Inferiority and low social status is the theme of the first category, which is the general status of women. In the second category, issues such as arranged marriage, marriage at a young age, polygamy, discriminatory condemnation of sexual indolence by the society are among the social issues affecting women and families in her works. Her recommendations for changing the situation include paying attention to the importance of women's role in society's transformation, introducing examples, the need for girls and women to learn science, acquiring knowledge for managing the home, the women's employment and promoting the establishment of women's associations. From the perspective of structural functionalism, these recommendations see the realization of an alternative position for women in a systematic transformation process.

Keywords: Family, marriage, motherhood, education, women's association

Introduction
In the contemporary era, demands in the field of women with the intellectual developments of the late Qajar era and distinct values that became more and more famous during the constitutionalism and found a concentrated and coherent form. Although this had the intellectual supports governing the constitutional process and had some supporters among intellectuals, especially men, among women, it can be the result of increasing their awareness, their prominent social presence in important events, and also supporting the constitutionalists in various forms. It is in this environment that more women found the courage to write and create literary and cultural works. Especially women's publications and press were among the most important areas of social activity and reflected the evolution of their thought.
Zand-doḵt Š¨īrāzī (1909-1959); She was a journalist, civil activist and one of the educated women of her time who made valuable efforts to change the status of women. Introducing her thoughts and works is a way to gain knowledge about the dominant gender order and the social status of women and their demands in the light of the developments of the post-constitutional era and coinciding with the formation and consistency of the modern state in Iran. Also It can make us more familiar with their social position, problems and their aspirations.

The purpose of the research is to introduce the analytical approach of women socio-cultural activists in contemporary Iranian history; an unprecedented and little-known phenomenon that can play a significant role in the study of social changes and the production of indigenous knowledge in the field of women's social studies.

Materials & Methods
Using a qualitative method and document analysis technique, exploring her remaining works in the form of verse and prose is the subject of this research. Accordingly, the researcher studied the documents of the collection of poems and surviving writings compiled in the book Zind-e-Dokht by Dr. Talat Basari in 1967, as well as the collection of her works in the magazine Dukhtar-e-Iran in 1992-1993.

Discussion & Result
The findings can be designed around three main axes and related subcategories. Inferiority and low social status is the theme of the first category, which is the general status of women. In the second category, issues such as arranged marriage, marriage at a young age, polygamy, discriminatory condemnation of sexual indolence by the society are among the social issues affecting women and families in her works. Her recommendations for changing the situation include paying attention to the importance of women's role in society's transformation, introducing examples, the need for girls and women to learn science, acquiring knowledge for managing the home, the women's employment and promoting the establishment of women's associations. From the perspective of structural functionalism, these recommendations see the realization of an alternative position for women in a systematic transformation process.

Conclusion
The works that remain from Zand-doḵt show her skill in raising issues affecting women and analyzing events, as well as her determination to change the status of women. She worked far from the capital and its bustling atmosphere in the city of Shiraz, which included local communities and corresponding traditional beliefs, but her works are the contemporary language of the larger urban society. A society that, on the path to modernizing Iran, supports values ​​such as gender equality in literacy, learning science, choosing a spouse, adhering to monogamous relationships, and creating employment opportunities for women.
The dominance of men in these relationships, both private and public, was evident, and in addition to defining character traits and role expectations, they also controlled women's relationships in various family roles. Zand-doḵt uses the term captive prisoner to raise the issue. Arranged marriage, early marriage, forced marriage, and polygamy were social harms affecting women and families. Considering the human nature of intimate relationships for both sexes, she considers society's practice of protesting, distinguishing, and condemning what is abnormal for either sex as a form of gender discrimination in the face of parallel relationships. The view she presents to us of the condition of women in her time is a view of the majority of women trapped in the deadlock of the social opportunity structure.
By paying attention to the importance of women's role in the transformation of society, he focuses the audience's attention on the situation of women in progressive countries, and even presents examples from Middle Eastern and Asian societies such as Turkey, the Middle East, Egypt, and Japan, providing concrete examples of the country's progress in line with the transformation of the situation of women.
It seems that the issue of education, employment, and the establishment of associations can be considered among the measures that can be achieved in realizing an alternative position and transforming the status of women. While the issue of paying attention to the importance of women's role in the transformation of society has had a radical aspect, as historical trends have shown, it has been gradual, time-consuming, and accompanied by ups and downs.
Keywords
Family
marriage
motherhood
education
women'
s association
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Sociological Cultural Studies
Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 55
Spring 2025
Spring 2025
Pages 1-29

  • Receive Date 03 June 2024
  • Revise Date 26 July 2024
  • Accept Date 03 August 2024
  • Publish Date 22 May 2025