Sociological Cultural Studies

Sociological Cultural Studies

Legal sociology of the execution of multiple criminal sentences

Document Type : .

Authors
Wajiha Kheirkhah Vakilabad 1
abuzar salarifar 2
mansour farrokhi 3
1 PhD student in criminal law and criminology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch
3 Associate Professor University of Hormozgan Faculty of Human Sciences. Iran
10.30465/scs.2024.49647.2895
Abstract
Abstract
Justice and crime are two key concepts in legal sociology. The enforcement of multiple criminal sentences in society, from the perspective of legal sociology, is of great importance with the aim of establishing justice, preventing crime, and increasing public safety. By imposing proportionate punishments for each crime, justice is established in society and the repetition of crimes by offenders is prevented. This leads to increased public safety and, by creating deterrence, prevents new crimes from occurring. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources and legal documents, has examined the issue of multiple offenses and the execution of multiple criminal sentences. This article seeks to examine and analyze the concept of multiple offenses in Iranian law and to explain the requirements and challenges of implementing Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the consolidation of criminal sentences. The findings of the present research show that the implementation of Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the consolidation of criminal sentences face challenges and ambiguities. Among these challenges, we can mention the lack of determination regarding the institutions of mitigation of punishment and appeal against the issued verdict.

Keyword: Legal Sociology, Execution of Sentences, Crime, Multiple Crimes, Material Multiplicity


Introduction :
In the realm of society, the occurrence of multiple crimes committed by a single individual is an anticipated and probable phenomenon. This can stem from a multitude of factors. For instance, adverse social and economic conditions can propel an individual towards criminal behaviour. Additionally, psychological and personality disorders can also contribute to the recurrence of criminal acts. Furthermore, the shortcomings of rehabilitation systems and the lack of adequate education provided to offenders can heighten the likelihood of recidivism. In instances where an individual perpetrates multiple offenses, the judicial system issues a separate criminal sentence for each of these crimes. This translates to the issuance of multiple sentences for a single individual, which can encompass various punishments such as imprisonment, fines, flogging, etc., depending on the nature and severity of the crimes. However, in certain cases, the legislature has provided for the consolidation of sentences to prevent excessive punishment and the violation of the defendant's rights.

Materials & Methods:
This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on library resources and legal documents to investigate the subject of plurality of crimes and the execution of multiple criminal sentences.

Discussion & Results:
This research delves into the complexities of implementing multiple criminal sentences within the framework of Iranian law, focusing on Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The study highlights that the implementation of this article, which allows for the consolidation of multiple criminal sentences, encounters various challenges and ambiguities. One of the major challenges lies in the lack of clarity regarding sentence reduction mechanisms and the right to appeal against the verdict issued under Article 510. The absence of specific provisions addressing these aspects creates uncertainty and potential injustice for the convicted individuals. Additionally, the study identifies limitations imposed on the consolidating authority in terms of delving into the nature of the crime and the inability to acquit the accused as further challenges in the implementation of this article. The research also underscores the significance of understanding the concept of plurality of crimes and its various types within the Iranian legal system. It explores the distinctions between material plurality, moral plurality, and plurality of criminal results, emphasizing the importance of accurate classification for appropriate sentencing. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the legislative history of plurality of crimes in Iran, tracing the evolution of legal provisions from the early 20th century to the present day. It analyses the impact of various legal reforms and amendments on the treatment of multiple offenses, highlighting the ongoing efforts to refine and improve the legal framework. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the complexities and challenges associated with the implementation of multiple criminal sentences in Iran. It calls for addressing the identified ambiguities and limitations in Article 510 to ensure fairness, efficiency, and adherence to the principles of justice in the criminal justice system

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this research sheds light on the significance of Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code in addressing the complexities of executing multiple criminal sentences in Iran. It highlights the article's crucial role in promoting judicial efficiency, ensuring fairness in sentencing, and contributing to crime prevention efforts. By enabling the consolidation of multiple convictions and the imposition of a single, proportionate sentence, Article 510 serves as a valuable tool in upholding the principles of justice and facilitating the rehabilitation of offenders. However, the study also underscores the need for further clarification and refinement of Article 510 to address existing ambiguities and challenges. Issues such as the lack of provisions for sentence reduction and the right to appeal, as well as the limitations on the consolidating authority's jurisdiction, require careful consideration and potential legislative amendments. By addressing these concerns, the Iranian legal system can enhance the effectiveness and fairness of its approach to multiple criminal sentences, ultimately contributing to a more just and equitable society.
Keywords
Legal Sociology
Execution of Sentences
Crime
Multiple Crimes
Material Multiplicity
Subjects
اردبیلی، محمدعلی (1402). حقوق جزای عمومی، تهران: نشر میزان.
اعظمی، علی اصغر، حیدری، مسعود، جعفری، محمد جواد (1397). «بررسی تعدد نتیجه و مقایسه آن با تعدد جرم». فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری، 7(25)، 159-189.
پوربافرانی، حسن (1384). «تعدد و تکرار جرم در حقوق کیفری ایران». مدرس علوم انسانی. 9((پیاپی 41) ویژه نامه حقوق):25-46.
جعفرپور، الهام، سیاوشی، سامان (1399). «چالش های تقنینی و اجرایی تجمیع احکام در فرض تعدد جرم». مطالعات حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، 50(2)،  369-392.
جعفری لنگرودی، محمدجعفر(1391). ترمینولوژی حقوق، تهران: کتابخانه گنج دانش.
حاجیلو، محمدباقر(1395). «بررسی تطبیقی ماده 510 قانون آیین دادرسی کیفری مصوب 1392 با ماده 184 قانون آیین دادرسی دادگاه‌های عمومی و انقلاب در امور کیفری مصوب 1378»، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، شماره 74.
خالقی، ابوالفتح، میرزائی، زهرا(1400). «دستاوردها و چالش های تعدد و تکرار جرم در قانون کاهش مجازات حبس تعزیری مصوب 1399 با رویکرد کاربردی». فصلنامه تمدن حقوقی، 4(9)،  39-56.
خالقی، علی(1399). آیین دادرسی کیفری، تهران: انتشارات مجد.
دانش آرا، سجاد، کاظمی، سید سجاد(1401). «بازخوانیِ انتقادیِ «جرم مستمر» در حقوق کیفری و فقه امامیه». مطالعات تطبیقی فقه و اصول مذاهب، 5(2)،  85-68.
داوید، رنه؛ ژوفره اسپینوزی، کامی (1399). درآمدی بر حقوق تطبیقی و دو نظام بزرگ حقوقی معاصر، ترجمه سید حسین صفایی، تهران: نشر میزان.
زراعت، عباس. (1392). «تمایز حالت تعدد معنوی جرائم از عناوین مشابه». مطالعات حقوق خصوصی، 43(3)،  69-87.
شیخ الاسلامی، عباس (1394). تعدد جرم: نظریه‌ها و رویه‌ها، تهران: میزان
صبوری‌پور، مهدی، خلیل‌زاده، ایرج(1397). «تحلیل کیفرشناختی قانون جزای عرفی مصوب 1295 شمسی». پژوهش‌های حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، 6(12)،  153-182
طاهری‌‌نسب، یزداله. (1381). تعدّد و تکرار جرم در حقوق جزا، تهران:  انتشارات مجد.
علی آبادی، عبدالحسین (1385). حقوق جنایی، چاپ دوم، تهران: انتشارات فردوسی.
علی‌بیگی، عبدالصمد(1391). آیین دادرسی کیفری، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
کلانتری، کیومرث، جعفریان سوته، سید حسن (1394). تعدد جرم، بابلسر: دانشگاه مازنداران.
محسنی، مرتضی (1396). حقوق جزای عمومی، جلد دوم، تهران: گنج دانش.
ملکی، علی(1399). «کیفرگذاری تعدد جرم با رویکرد قانون کاهش مجازات حبس تعزیری 1399». قانون یار، 4(16)، 589-609.
اسناد
قانون جزای عرفی مصوب 1295
قانون مجازات عمومی مصوب 1304
قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1361
قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1370
قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392
قانون کاهش مجازات حبس تعزیری مصوب سال 1399
قانون آئین دادرسی کیفری مصوب 1392
Sociological Cultural Studies
Volume 16, Issue 2 - Serial Number 56
Summer 2025
Spring 2025
Pages 115-139

  • Receive Date 05 August 2024
  • Revise Date 17 September 2024
  • Accept Date 22 September 2024
  • Publish Date 23 August 2025