Science historians often refer to two main theories about the status of science in Islamic culture. Some believe that science has been a marginal issue in Islam, has not had an outstanding position in the Islamic education system, and has been brushed aside. The advocates of this theory subscribe to Marginal Thesis. According to this thesis, the great scientific achievements and undeniable accomplishments of the Muslim philosophers resulted from private communities that were not under the pressure and coercion of righteous believers and traditionalists. Nonetheless, another community believes that science has had an elevated status in the Islamic culture, and the terms “science” and “knowledge” have had no such elevated status in any other civilizations except that of Islam. In other words, “science” is a key term in this civilization. The advocates of this theory subscribe to Appropriation Thesis. According to this thesis, although in the Islamic world logical sciences did not dominate over traditional/narrated sciences, yet they were in close affinity with them. The present paper, through using valid documents, aims at studying these two theses.
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