Projection and rationalization are among the major problems that people encounter often in daily relationships as common defense mechanisms. The extent of which this problem exists is an indication of certain unpleasant mentality. It is due to undesirable behaviors like denying responsibility, escaping reality, deception and immaculate presentation of oneself; the characteristics which usually take place unconsciously. Since the folklore is the presentation of traditions and social behavior and cultural values, therefore, in this article the attempt is made to trace the indications and instances of these concepts in Iranian folklore and in its subaltern cultures. The instances were found in the folk stories, proverbs and wise sayings. For this purpose first these psychological concepts were defined and explained, and then the instances extracted from the sources were presented. It is necessary to remember that at times certain instances carry both meanings of the projection and rationalization in them simultaneously.
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