Legal-sociological study of the phenomenon of the expansion of immigration in the European Union

Abstract:
Immigration, whether it occurs across national borders or within a country, has social, political and economic impacts on both the origin and destination societies. This study, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, examines the phenomenon of increased immigration in the European Union and explores its legal and sociological implications. One of the key issues that arises from the consequences of foreign immigration is the lack of cultural familiarity of the immigrants with their new environment, which often leads to their maladjustment and disharmony. The research findings indicate that the crises of new racism, multiculturalism, humanitarianism versus national interests, participation and loyalty are among the legal-sociological outcomes of immigration in Europe.
Keywords: immigration, asylum, European Union, immigration laws.
Introduction: Immigration means the movement of people from one place to another for work or life. This concept includes refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and people moving for other purposes, including family reunification. Also, from the point of view of a government, an alien is a person who is not considered a citizen of that government because of having the citizenship of another state or because of not having the citizenship of any country, even though he has a physical presence in the territory of the said state. The issue of population movements has gained new and unique importance and normality in modern times. In expressing the freedom of movement, it can be said that the freedom of movement has been considered as a human right for a long time, and the classical concept of it can be considered as a turning point in human life. In recent decades, the migration of people has increased dramatically as a result of war and internal conflicts. From 2019 to 2023, the number of immigrants to European countries will increase every year. Meanwhile, the number of immigrants to European countries in 2023 has increased by 35% compared to the previous year. Whether this topic focuses on the existing challenges created by migration, or on the participation of migrants in development and poverty reduction, it seems that the inextricable link between migration, development and human rights has not been sufficiently explored. Due to the aforementioned reasons and since independent research has not examined the subject of the current research, The present research is important and necessary.
Materials and methods: Germany and France have suffered the most crises in the face of a large number of immigrants in these two years. Migrations have different types, but whether they take place in the form of movement across international borders or take place within the borders of a country, they always cause social, political and economic consequences in the immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving societies. In international law, some vulnerable groups, such as children, women, migrant workers, refugees, stateless persons, persons with disabilities, etc., have been given special protection, in the sense that a special document that specifically addresses them has been developed. In the case of forced migrants, there is no treaty specifically related to their status. Therefore, the regulations of international law in the field of forced migration should be found either in general documents that apply to this issue or in specific documents that interfere with this issue. In this research, which has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method, the phenomenon of the expansion of immigration in the European Union has been analyzed and its sociological and legal consequences have been discussed.
Discussion: General international documents, i.e. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, make up most of the provisions of international law applicable to the situation of forced migrants. Of course, immigration has long been considered an issue that should be approached with caution. Because the right to prevent the entry of people from another country into a specific country has traditionally been regarded as an inherent and distinct aspect of national sovereignty, but today immigration has gained such dimensions and legitimacy that it is considered alongside important social phenomena such as trade. They put macroeconomics, development and health. It can also be said that this phenomenon and its causes and consequences are no longer on the sidelines of discussions in the major scientific fields of social sciences such as economics, political science, international relations and other fields. However, forced international migration still remains a controversial issue. Today, forced migration should be seen as an aspect of global change and development. Migration is part of the process of international globalization and considering it as a single and isolated phenomenon is a grave mistake. Forced migration has been accelerated by some factors such as the reduction of international transportation costs, the expansion of mass communication tools, and the internationalization of trade. The above cases have also led to the creation of a transnational system of political organization in which the differences related to place and time and the limitation of the nation-state to the land have faded and paled. The increase in international travel is significant with its direct effects on immigration. Today, in many countries, forced migration is one of the issues that have been given high priority in political and legal plans and bills, it is the beginning of a season that is the subject of continuous public debates at the international level.
Result: In discussing the consequences and effects of foreign migrations, it is necessary to pay special attention to one thing. This is a case of lack of familiarity in the field of immigrants' culture with the space in which they have recently been placed. This new space mainly provides the causes of their incompatibility and lack of coordination. The research findings indicate that the crises of new racism, multiculturalism, humanitarianism versus national interests, participation and loyalty are among the legal-sociological outcomes of immigration in Europe.