Justice and crime are two key concepts in legal sociology. The enforcement of multiple criminal sentences in society, from the perspective of legal sociology, is of great importance with the aim of establishing justice, preventing crime, and increasing public safety. By imposing proportionate punishments for each crime, justice is established in society and the repetition of crimes by offenders is prevented. This leads to increased public safety and, by creating deterrence, prevents new crimes from occurring. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources and legal documents, has examined the issue of multiple offenses and the execution of multiple criminal sentences. This article seeks to examine and analyze the concept of multiple offenses in Iranian law and to explain the requirements and challenges of implementing Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the consolidation of criminal sentences. The findings of the present research show that the implementation of Article 510 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the consolidation of criminal sentences face challenges and ambiguities. Among these challenges, we can mention the lack of determination regarding the institutions of mitigation of punishment and appeal against the issued verdict.