مباحثه میان پوتوپیاهراس‌های متقدم و پوتوپیاگرایان متاخر: در جستجوی یک راه حل

After World War II, several political thinkers examined the role and position of utopian thought in the formation of totalitarianism and concluded that there is an inseparable link between utopia, violence, and totalitarianism. In this article, this group is referred to as "utopiaphobes." In contrast, after one or two decades of silence, another group revisited the role and significance of utopia in thought and philosophy, emphasizing its ontological and methodological necessity. This article seeks to analyze and categorize the disputes between these two groups while addressing the question: How can utopias be preserved while avoiding their potential consequences, such as violence? In an attempt to answer this question, the theory of "realist utopia" in its various forms has been utilized. However, the solution does not lie in restricting utopian thought. Rather, by embracing the plurality and diversity of utopias and establishing a "democracy of utopias," one can harness their constructive potential. The research methodology employed in this study is descriptive-analytical.