Advertising, as one of the dominant mechanisms of persuasion in modern societies, plays a multilayered role in social, cultural, and economic domains. This phenomenon is not merely a tool for message transmission, but also a driver in reproducing consumption norms, shaping lifestyles, and generating perceptual inequalities. Commercial advertising is typically categorized into four main types—informative, persuasive, reminder-based, and reinforcing—each of which affects the audience's decision-making process in specific ways. In contrast to this legitimate typology, four major forms of unlawful advertising—false, deceptive, unfair, and misleading—violate principles of honesty and transparency and entail both legal and social consequences. Misleading advertising, as the most complex and concealed type, employs selective omission of information, ambiguous language, and incomplete representations to create a distorted yet seemingly reasonable perception of a product or service in the audience’s mind. This study seeks to analyze the legal and social consequences of such advertising within the framework of transactional relationships and the commercial communication system. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and grounded in the theory of information asymmetry, the research demonstrates that misleading advertising simultaneously leads to civil liability and the erosion of public trust.