واکاوی تاریخیِ مفاهیم،آثار و فهم کارل مارکس در ایران

The main objective of this study is to examine the concepts, translations, works, and reception of Karl Marx in Iran. The study reveals four distinct historical periods:

In the first period, from the Qajar era to the end of Reza Shah’s rule, Iranians initially resisted Marxist concepts but gradually became attracted to its egalitarian slogans. Few Marxist works were produced or published during this time, and none of Marx's works were translated into Persian.

The second period, from the beginning of Mohammad Reza Shah's reign to the onset of the Islamic Revolution, saw the emergence of leftist activities under the banner of the "Tudeh Party." More Marxist works and concepts entered Iran during this time.

The third period, from the Islamic Revolution to 1991, witnessed greater opportunities for the publication of Marx’s thoughts, Cultural activities gradually replaced political and party-oriented efforts.

The fourth period, from 1991 to the present, was marked by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the end of the Cold War, and the transformation of Russian Marxism. Iranian Marxism experienced a rupture, weakening its theoretical foundation. Party-based leftism declined, and a new cultural and philosophical Left began to grow in Iran.