تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی انگیزه‌های اجتماعی بخشش اخلاقی: رویکردی نظری

Ethical giving refers to a range of individual and collective charitable actions aimed at promoting public good within society. Although the concept of giving has long been discussed in ethical and philosophical thought—particularly since Aristotle—its sociological dimensions have received less systematic and coherent examination. While moral philosophy emphasizes the meaning, intention, and individual values of action, sociology seeks to analyze this phenomenon within the framework of social structures, institutions, and interactions. This study aims to provide a sociological analysis of the social motivations of ethical giving from a theoretical perspective, encompassing both micro- and macro-levels. The conceptual framework of the research is based on an integrative approach that allows simultaneous explanation of individual motivations and institutional and structural contexts, thereby offering a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of ethical giving. Accordingly, four main theoretical perspectives—social exchange, social cohesion, rational choice, and social capital—are examined to present a holistic view of the social motivations underlying ethical giving. The theoretical findings indicate that ethical giving is not merely a moral or cultural value, but a social action that emerges from the interaction between micro-level agency and macro-level structures.