The philosophy of life is one of the fundamental concerns of contemporary human beings, aiming to provide a rational explanation of the nature of life, as well as the reasons and ways of human existence. Following the transformations of modern life, this issue has become associated with crises such as nihilism, purposelessness, and meaninglessness. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines the philosophy of life based on the anthropological foundations of Allameh Tabataba’i’s thought, since the conception of human nature plays a decisive role in interpreting the philosophy of life. Accordingly, foundations including the dual-dimensional nature of human beings, the spiritual essence of human existence, immortality, innate disposition, existential poverty, sociality, susceptibility to trials, rationality, and teleology are identified, and their relationship with the philosophy of life is analyzed. The findings show that, in Allameh Tabataba’i’s intellectual framework, the philosophy of life is not confined to satisfying material needs; rather, it is realized through the rational and innate-oriented movement of the spiritual, God-seeking human being within social life toward servitude, perfection, and the realization of divine vicegerency. This perspective provides a comprehensive understanding of human life and offers valuable potential for addressing contemporary crises related to the meaning of life.