This article aims to critically reassess the theory of individualization based on the works of Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck, and Zygmunt Bauman, and to examine the explanatory capacity of the concept of "the myth of autonomy" for analyzing Iranian society. The research employs a documentary analysis method and a critical review of the literature. The findings indicate that although developments such as the expansion of higher education, urbanization, the growth of digital media, and changes in lifestyles have enhanced individual responsibility and agency in Iranian society, this process has not resulted in the realization of full autonomy. Individual choices continue to be shaped within the constraints of economic, institutional, and cultural frameworks, and in interaction with family and social networks. Therefore, the concept of the "myth of autonomy" offers greater explanatory power for understanding the contemporary lifeworld of Iran than the classical interpretation of individualization, as it demonstrates that while responsibility for social risks is increasingly delegated to individuals, the actual opportunities for choice remain unevenly distributed. Consequently, the application of individualization theory to Iranian society requires a critical re-reading that takes into account the historical, cultural, and institutional contexts.