Archaism is a phenomenon that has been raised in the modern world and has also been effective in history education. This concept has numerous applications in history lessons that totalitarian governments have paid attention to in order to achieve their goals. Among them, Iran during the Reza Shah era and Nazi Germany are two totalitarian governments whose approach and use of this concept in history education forms the subject of this research. Now the question is, what are the differences and similarities between the archaism functions of history education in the Reza Shah and Hitler regimes? In this regard, the textbooks of both governments were studied comparatively. The findings of the research showed that the Reza Shah regime in Iran preserved and studied Iranian ancient heritage, and this helped to strengthen the sense of national pride and cultural identity. Ancient monuments such as Persepolis were considered as symbols of Iran's glorious past and were promoted in textbooks. In contrast, Nazi Germany, influenced by Hitler's ideology, used archaism to reinforce racial superiority and distort history. While Reza Shah sought to create a national identity and modernization, Hitler used archaism to justify expansionist and anti-Semitic ambitions.