اساتید دانشگاه و دانشگاه ایده‌ال: پدیدارشناسی دانشگاه ایده‌ال در بین اساتید دانشگاه گیلان

The idea and nature of the university have always been described and explained with various metaphors in relation to the historical construction of that period. Therefore, the aim of the current research is the phenomenological study of the university in relation to the metaphor of being ideal. This article strives to find the meaning of the ideal university from the perspective of professors as academic actors. In terms of methodology, qualitative approach, phenomenological method, and Fan-Manen analysis have been used. Its statistical population is the professors working at Guilan University. Sampling method is purposeful research with an emphasis on maximum variation. Used by semi-structured interviews and after attaining theoretical saturation through interviews with 25 persons, data have been gathered. In the findings of this research, 8 categories are observed as characteristics of an ideal university. The categories include human-oriented, world-oriented, science-oriented, problem oriented, qualitative, non-ideological (independent), actor, and acceleration universities. Therefore, in an ideal university, the university is not at the periphery but at the center. Education is a translation of research and elitist research as a luxury item is not a part of the university. Ultimately, the field of scientific competition is determined by university values through negative thought in relation to the outside world.
Key Words: Actor University, Ideal University, Non-ideological University, Professors of University, Qualitative University.
Introduction
The university as an institution and life-world has had various experiences of its own due to social, economic, and political changes. These changes became more intense in the modern era with industrialization and an emphasis on homogeneity. The university as a modern institution in relation to the political and economic developments of society has been thought of in various ways in relation to the government and business. But with the spread of the ideology of neoliberalism, the commercialization of the university became more intense, an ideology that forced the university to be rejected or conform to the path of business. In other words, the idea of a metaphysical university changed its direction towards the idea of a business-like university. Therefore, the purpose of this study is not to prove specific metaphors among previous metaphors, but to find the meaning of the ideal university among university professors from a phenomenological perspective. University as a life-world has different meanings for its activists like other life-worlds. In other words, the lived experience of professors in the life world causes the formation of a kind of biographical situation. The lived experience of Guilan University professors as faculty members is the subject of this research. In this research, we will answer this question: What does an ideal university mean from the point of view of university professors?
Materials and Method
The phenomenological approach of this study is phenomenological based on Van Manen’s interpretional view. This approach focuses on finding the essential meanings of experiences and recreating them. Through combing the purposeful and maximal variation samplings, the experiences of 25 professors were collected. Accordingly, the statistical population was elected regarding faculty, department, science ranking, faculty title, and gender in order to have maximal variation. The semi-structured technique was used for collecting data. The time and place of interviews were determined by sending emails and calling in order that participants could express their stories as much as possible in their favorite time and environment so that crediable data could be gathered. Finally, in phenomenological research, credibility is more important than reliability. Later, the essential meaning of texts was discovered through wholistic reading, selective reading, and detailed reading. Then after thematization, the text was recreated again.
Discussion
In this study, 18 men and 7 women, 10 assistant professors, 13 associat professors, and 2 professors from 7 faculties and Guilanology research center and 20 departments participated. After thematization, findings were categorized into 8 subthemes through the wholistic reading. These subthemes are as follows:

Human_oriented university: in this university plans and approaches are human_oriented. Put differently, humans are per se valuable rather than structures and approaches. The world is the embodiment of humans.
World_oriented: in this university the end is caring about the world as a totality and improving it. In fact, the university is a part of the world and moves by considering the moment of society. University can communicate with it. Beyond producing knowledge, this university attempts to attach it to society.
Acceleration university: in this university, if a person cannot conduct his research according to structural and determined time, then he suffers from synchronous with the system.
Science-oriented university: in this university science has per se centrality rather than values and emotions. In the strict sense, science defines the nature of university but not ideological values.
Non_idealogical university is a university that is not affected by politics and economy. In fact, this university has its own values and approaches and as a particular life_world communicates with other parts of society.
Actor university: this university ensures that human subjectivity is a generator of the world and authorizes it. University projects toward the future prior to society.
Qualitative university: in this university, the emphasis is not on the quantitiy but rather on quality. That is to say, the parameters of assessing scientific practices are not numbers but rather their own existential interrelation with the surrounding world.
Problem_orientd university: university attempts to find and solve them. The university is not only for thinking and contemplating but it is the field of practicing, hereby tries to demonstrate its own subjectivity by finding and solving problems of society.

Result
According to findings from the phenomenological view, the ideal university is realized, if the reality of the university as the vanguard of the constitution of society is considered regarding critical reason. In other words, the ideal university is formed in the context of the real society. Regarding the study, there are three categories of active university, science-oriented university and human-oriented university. In contrast to the imagination of the idea of ​​the ideal university, which sees the university not as a mechanical system but as an independent institution with its own mechanisms, which is the embodiment of the ideas of academics. Based on the view of the academicians in the studied society regarding the three categories of acceleration, problem-oriented and world-oriented-being of the university, the ideal situation is formed if it is possible to move simultaneously with the acceleration of the society. In other words, placing university in the contemporaneity of man, society and politics so that it can take effective actions. Finally, findings and subthemes show that science-oriented, non_idealogical, actor, and qualitative universities are central categories for an ideal university.