نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
A Man lives in the framework of a great historical and social transformation process and is along generations of the past who all learned biological and religious teachings from their parents and benefited from their experience in different social, religious and historical situations. Therefore, the reason for creating a unified society can guide everyone's mind towards a systematic process that originates from a collective memory. Halbwachs is one of the philosophers who described his theory of collective memory based on three stages. 1- Indigenization of memory 2- Commemoration based on a historical story and 3- Formation of religious memory according to the beliefs of the predecessors; In fact, human memory can restore the full mental capacity to recall past events and experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate the course of collective memory in the formation of the mourning ritual with the help of collective memory based on the theories of Halbwachs, which was carried out in an analytical-descriptive method and with library sources, and in the end it came to the conclusion that the religious society always It follows its religious origin and returns to its original nature with changes at each stage and guarantees the solidarity of a society with a central religious idea.
1-Introduction
Mournings is a sad narrative of the death of a hero who is the center of attention of a community in such a way that with the death of a hero that society has suffered and to establish its memory and memory they hold this ritual continuously every year so that the society maintains its integrity. Ritual and religion are two complementary and interdependent phenomena. Religion, as a general system of life on which society's culture is based, plays an important role in the social and cultural changes of that society. In this article, an attempt has been made to point out the historical and ritual evolution of the mourning ceremony and the extent of its changes according to the individual and collective memory and its connection with important historical events by examining the mourning ritual of Imam Hussain (A.S.) and Siyavash. Investigate and analyze, since the continuity of collective memory and its representation over time plays an effective role in the dynamics of ethnic, national and religious memory.
1-2. Research Methodology
The research method in this research was done on the one hand to examine the components in different religious fields and on the other hand to compare religious communities based on beliefs and rituals based on Halbwachses theory.
2- Discussion
Collective memory, as a reproducer of aspects of history and the past, as well as predetermined and common beliefs, plays a prominent role in the formation of a community's religion and ritual. Remembering has an effective role in societies that are based on religion and religious beliefs. Of course, it should be acknowledged that the role of collective memory cannot be considered effective only in a religious society; Rather, every belief and customs of the people that leads to a historical mindset can be placed in the path of different angles of collective memory.
1-2. Localization of memory and imagination:
According to Halbwachs, the beginning of religion is connected with nature and the divine plant is one of the early ideas of religion in early civilizations (Halbwachs, 1984:86). Collective memory has meaning, realities and human experiences, and in fact, it is a combination of collective memories, sensory trade and life narratives, which is formed from the accumulation of these memories together. But besides this deep thinking about religion, it is better to put human actions next to the preservation of rituals, one of the most important of these actions is human migration from one place to another, which aims at the localization of memory.
2-2. Commemoration and memorial based on a historical story
According to Halbwachs, the formation of a ritual is formed based on a flow and a historical story, and this flow is spread from generation to generation and is transmitted to the next generations with more enlargement and margins. "All Christian teachings are based on a story and are almost involved with that story" (Halbwachs, 1984:89). It is an eternal truth that has become an absolute belief in society and collective memory.
3-2. Formation of new religious memory according to previous beliefs
According to Halbwachs, the new religious memory acquires all that it could acquire for its content over time, i.e., what was present in the old religions and by the same period in which the religion was completely constructed in the old religions. It is restored and produced again (Halbwachs, 1984:95). The formation of new religious and ritual memory is such that the religions that are in the process of disintegration gradually find a newer form in combination with the beliefs of other societies and are restored in a way. Mourning in many religious societies has historical roots and is formed according to religious beliefs that have been passed down to the next generations. ,
3- Conclusion
Collective memory allows humans to understand their semi-conscious perceptions and at the same time be influenced by them. This means that all the internal processes of any society can lead that society unconsciously. The ritual of mourning originated from the beginning of humanity and was formed with nature worship and human fear of nature and expanded and changed in today's form. According to the investigations carried out in this research, it should be said that Halbwachses theories, emphasizing the continuity of rituals in human societies, complement Durkheim's beliefs in the evolution of primitive rituals. In fact, rituals and rituals are one of the main pillars of human social life, and it is through these rituals that culture and meaning are produced and institutionalized in people. The mourning of Siyavash in ancient Iran and the mourning for Imam Hussein (AS) both have positive propositions for the formation of rituals in society; each of which was formed by a different event and ideology in the society and the role of collective memory to separate these two religions is sanctity for Imam Hussein (a.s.) and greater integration for that religious community, which with the help of people's heart interest as well as one-sidedness All members of the people have continued to establish a common ritual in a wider way. The role of collective memory in the formation and expansion of the mourning ritual is to give meaning to social solidarity and give direction to moral foundations in a religious society. Religious experiences, cultural works and the philosophical background of religious beliefs and respect for the hero, which is the source of a mourning, reconstructs and reproduces the image of the past in a purposeful way and in the course of social assimilation, and this reproduction causes the formation of history, culture and The customs of a society.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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