Abstract
Valuable historical works in the historical context, in addition to showing the originality and value of architecture. Rather, it reflects the historical and cultural identity of any society. The destruction of these works has many consequences on the culture and identity of the society. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the contexts and consequences of the destruction of Sabat Obeid Zakani. The approach of this research is qualitative and the research method is based on the Strauss and Corbin model. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The statistical population included experts in the field of cultural heritage, restorers, university professors and several neighbors of Sabat Obaid Zakani. The sampling method in this research is non-random and purposeful. The sample size has been determined and finalized as 18 people based on the rule of saturation. The results of the analysis indicate that causal conditions (decline of social capital, organizational dysfunction, organizational anomie and organizational corruption), background conditions (inefficiency of official control, cultural poverty and lack of belonging), intervening conditions (weakness of institutional management and consumerism), the central phenomenon (historical vandalism), consequences (reduction of social security, cultural disorganization, and behavioral security crisis) and strategies (stable historical identity, false modernism, instrumental social support, cultural management, and sustainable local development) reflect the paradigmatic model of historical vandalism.
Keywords: Vandalism, Sabbat, Cultural Heritage, Urban Pathology, Grounded Theory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction
Valuable historical monuments in the historical context are considered part of the nature, essence and past events of the architecture of each city. Preservation and restoration of these monuments, in addition to preserving the body of the building, will maintain the authenticity and identity of the surviving architecture in valuable urban contexts. The urban environment can be a suitable environment for committing all kinds of crimes, among which, vandalism is one of the deviations and harms that appear and emerge in today's society. In large cities, we witness much more destruction of monuments. In addition to damage to the country's public budget, this destruction has also disrupted people's social and daily lives. The phenomenon of vandalism is one of the factors affecting the growth of social problems, especially in modern societies. This social harm arises from rapid social changes, the growth of chaos and the ever-increasing desires of humans, the failure to achieve these desires, the feeling of alienation, injustice, anger and hatred that vandals have towards society and the surrounding environment, which itself expresses the weakness and normative disorder in the cultural and social structure of society. Vandalistic behaviors, in addition to inflicting damage on the government, indicate numerous problems in the future society. Any damage that is inflicted on the historical monuments of a society today is in fact a blow that falls on the history and culture of that society. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the context and consequences of the destruction of Sabat Obaid Zakani in Qazvin using grounded theory based on the Strauss and Corbin model.
 
Materials and Methods
Approach of the present study is qualitative and the research method is grounded theory. The data collection tool is interviews. The statistical population included experts specializing in the field of cultural heritage, restorers, university professors, and several neighbors of Sabat Obaid Zakani. The sampling method in this study was non-random and purposeful. The sample size was also determined and finalized based on the saturation rule. Thus, by repeating concepts and statements, conducting 17 interviews and reaching theoretical saturation, the data collection and data analysis work was completed. The information obtained from the interviews with the participants was analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin model in three stages: open coding, axial coding.
 
Discussion & Result
Causal or causative conditions are the group of events and incidents that have caused the destruction of Sabat Obaid Zakani Qazvin, which includes the decline of social capital, social dysfunction, organizational anomie, and organizational corruption. Intervening conditions are the action and reaction strategies that are related to the phenomenon. These conditions can be limiting or facilitating events that occur within the context, which include weak institutional management and consumerism. The background conditions are, in fact, the field like agricultural land in which phenomena like wheat grow. It is the field that gives color to the phenomena that in the present study include the ineffectiveness of official control, cultural poverty, lack of belonging. Strategy means setting goals and designing a plan to achieve them. Strategy is a long-term plan to achieve a specific long-term goal, designed and explained. The strategies obtained in this study include sustainable historical identity, false modernity, social support and increasing awareness. Consequence literally means reflection, result and reaction. Something that causes something else to arise and causes that other thing to arise. The consequences of this topic are the crisis of behavioral security, cultural disorganization and reduced social security, and finally the central phenomenon of this study, which means events and facts to which a set of actions, whether good or bad, are related. The central phenomenon of this research, by analyzing the findings and carefully studying the statements made, was named historical vandalism. In pathological studies, damaging human factors are among the most important factors in the destruction of historical-cultural monuments, which are referred to as vandalism. The person who does this is called a vandal. Vandalism is a pathological phenomenon that occurs in urban environments and causes the destruction and disfigurement of monuments.
 
Conclusion
The phenomenon of historical vandalism and destructive behaviors, which are connected to the past under contextual, causal, and interventionist conditions, can be affected by anomic conditions and social instability, relying on Durkheim's ideas, in such a way that social actors in these conditions do not have a normal guiding light and guide to regulate their actions and resort to vandalistic behaviors. Also, according to Sutherland's theory, the influence of vandals' companions and friends and learning from their behavioral patterns may lead to the emergence and intensification of such behaviors by individuals to destroy the Sabbath. Finally, the weakening of formal and informal control and socialization mechanisms can also be discussed, and in the meantime, by resorting to Hirsch's theory, it can be acknowledged that the rupture of such social bonds at the micro and macro levels and the decline of social capital will result in nothing but deviant behaviors, including vandalism (destruction of the Sabbath) and selective coding.