Abstract
Emmanuel Levinas' philosophy is based on a specific conception of morality and has concrete aspects. Therefore, it is possible to adapt his theories in sociological studies or in the analysis of the emotions and relationships of characters in realistic stories; including the concept of morality in the relationship of "I/Self" with "Other" and "face-to-face encounter" which are key concepts of his philosophy. Thus, by examining the states and behavior of the characters in the story according to Levinas ethics, it is determined that "otherness" (including family, society and the surrounding world) forms the set of dispositions, relationships, intentionality and subject.
This article, using an analytical-comparative method, aims to reread the themes of Akbar Radi's works in accordance with the prominent concepts of Emmanuel Levinas' philosophy - including the concepts of "morality", "other", "otherness", "responsibility", "face", "justice" and "death" - and confirms the view that a similarity can be recognized between the views of these two thinkers in the field of social relations and moral responsibility. In Levinas' philosophy, the human aspect of ethics leads to a new narrative of the subject and subjectivity, and in Radi's thought, the social aspect of ethics refers to finding the roots of social harms.
Keywords: Emmanuel Levinas, Akbar Radi, Ethics, Responsibility, Otherness, Face
 
 
Introduction:
Since the time of ancient Greece, dramatic works have been written in order to convey the basis of the author's philosophical-ethical thought to the audience; Especially the plays that are included in the spectrum of Mimesis, Representation and Realistic works. Therefore, there is always the facility that the themes of the dramatic works are analyzed and reread based on the philosophical and social views of theorists.
In this research, by examining Akbar Radi's thought and dramatic works, we find out that his plays have different aspects of thought, and by analyzing them, in addition to the knowledge of personality psychology and social science theories, we can also get to know his philosophical ideas.
Philosophical theories of Emmanuel Levinas are possible and appropriate for the analysis and review of Radi's plays because both thinkers believe in the existence and discovery of the individual's nature through communication with others, and for the interactions and existential effects of personality, society and environment, and also, they attach importance to the individual's responsibility and authority towards others.
 
Materials & Methods:
This article is based on the analytical-comparative method with a reading of Akbar Radi's works, according to the prominent concepts of the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas - including the concepts of "Ethics", "Alterity", "Other", "Responsibility", "Face", "Justice", and "Death" - while presenting a practical understanding of the components of Levinas's philosophy, confirm the opinion that there is a significant affinity between the opinions of these two philosopher is recognizable especially in the field of social relations and moral responsibility; With this symptom, in Levinas's philosophy, the human aspect of ethics leads to a new narrative of subject and subjectivity, and in Radi's thought, the social aspect of ethics in the Iranian subject reminds us of the necessity of finding the roots of social harms.
 
Discussion & Result:
In this research, 22 long plays of Akbar Radi have been studied and the concepts of Levinas philosophy have been analyzed and read in them; which are: The Blue Hole (1338-1340; rewritten 1372), Slump (1342; rewritten 1351), Death in Autumn (1345; rewritten 1356), From Behind the Glass (1345; rewritten 1355), Iranian Heritage (1346), Fishermen (1348; rewritten 1354), Mr. Gill's Magnificent Smile (1350; rewritten 1369), Sing in the Mist (1353; rewritten 1380), Hamlet with Seasonal Salad (1356; rewritten 1366), Savior on a Humid Morning (1358; rewritten 1376), Stairs (1361; rewritten 1375), Hot Egg Tango (1363; rewritten 1378), Slow with Roses (1365), Night on the Wet Cobblestone, Ameez Qalamdon (1371), Our Shab-Nama garden (1373; rewritten 1379), Melody of rainy city (1376; Rewritten 1378), Khanumcheh and Mehtabi (1378; Rewritten 1384), Cactus (1380), Good Night Mr. Count (1381), Down, Saqaqhana Passage (1381), Chocolate Songs (1382; Rewritten 1383)
Levinas and Radi both emphasize "responsibility" towards the other and consider the responsibility to answer to the other or the community under ethics and morals. Other prominent concepts in Levinas's philosophy can also be read in Radi's works and thought; including the concept of "justice" and "death". According to Levinas, justice takes meaning at the moment of face-to-face encounter with another, and under the law of "third person" immediately after accepting the responsibility resulting from the relationship of "other/others" with "I/self", and social life with this concept of Justice - which includes freedom and will - is formed.
In the political arena, Levinasian distributive justice depends on the understanding of responsibility towards the third party and leads to peace in the neighborhood at the community level. This perception of political justice and third-person laws, which is aligned with the category of "humanity", can also be recovered in Radi's works.
Regarding the concept of "death", the views of both thinkers are similar. According to Levinas, death is pure alienation, but in the course of human existence and life, there is always a kind of fear towards it. Death is an indeterminate and unattainable thing that does not reach the level of consciousness; However, people constantly think of the death of others as a terrifying experience from which there is no escape; and feels its threat. This is what gives the life situation a tragic aspect. Regarding the concept of life and death in Radi's works, we also face such a perception of the unknown of death, which confirms the necessity of moral life.
 
Conclusion:
By examining the theoretical aspects of Radi's works, many similarities with the views of Emmanuel Levinas are revealed. The philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, which is based on his special understanding of ethics and became the first philosophy in his intellectual system, presented ethics in a completely concrete way. Therefore, Levinasian ethics can be adapted and elaborated in fictional and dramatic works. Of course, it is important to mention that Radi's focus on ethics in the social aspect, and Levinas's focus on ethics in the human aspect should be kept in mind.
This article invites art researchers and playwrights to think about the function of philosophical themes in dramatic works; and researchers who are investigating in the field of philosophy should also be aware of the concrete function of philosophy in the world of performing arts.